The convergence of recent advances in nanotechnology with modern biology and medicine has created the new research domain of nanobiotechnology. The use of nanobiotechnology in medicine is termed nanomedicine. Nanomedicine research includes the development of diagnostics for rapid monitoring, targeted cancer therapies, localized drug delivery, improved cell material interactions, scaffolds for tissue engineering, and gene delivery systems. Successful research and development in nanomedicine where ultimately patients can benefit from these new technologies require the interaction of a multitude of disciplines including material science and engineering, cellular biology and clinical translational research.